Procaine base, that is, procaine, is a commonly used local anesthetic, and its use precautions mainly include the following aspects:

First, preparation before use

1. Skin test: Procaine may cause allergic reactions, so a skin allergy test must be done before use. Contraindication for patients allergic to procaine to avoid severe reactions such as anaphylactic shock. (Source: Youlai Doctor official website)

2. Check the liquid: Before using procaine for injection, medical personnel need to check the transparency and color of the liquid to ensure that there is no foreign matter and deterioration.

3. Patient evaluation: Evaluate the patient's physical condition, especially liver function and metabolism, because patients with poor liver function and poor metabolism generally should not use procaine. It should also be avoided in patients with severe heart disease, cardiovascular disease, and severe liver insufficiency.

Second, dosage and injection site

1. Dose control: The dosage of procaine should be determined according to the specific situation of the patient and the need for surgery to avoid excessive use. Normally, the dose for adults is 0.5-1g at a time, and the dose for children is 3-4mg/kg of body weight. Excessive use may lead to toxic reactions in the central nervous system and cardiovascular system. (Source: 39 Drugs)

2. Injection site: When procaine is injected, it is necessary to pay attention to the injection position and avoid injecting into the blood vessel, otherwise it may cause local pain or other uncomfortable symptoms.

Third, drug interaction

Procaine will interact with some drugs and substances, especially when interacting with vasoconstrictors and heparin. In addition, p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), a metabolite of procaine, can reduce the antibacterial effect of sulfonamides, so simultaneous use with sulfonamides should be avoided. (Source: Baidu Encyclopedia)

Fourth, adverse reaction monitoring

1. Common side effects: Common side effects of procaine include local pain, burning and tingling. These side effects are usually temporary and will resolve on their own after the anesthetic effect wears off. However, severe reactions such as central nervous system suppression, muscle tremor, slow heart rate, and drop in blood pressure may also occur.

2. Allergic reactions: Allergic reactions include skin itching, redness, nausea, dyspnea, etc., and anaphylactic shock may occur in severe cases. The patient's mental state and cardiovascular reaction should be closely monitored during the course of medication, and the use should be stopped immediately and appropriate treatment measures should be taken in case of allergic symptoms.

Fifth, precautions for special groups

1. Pregnant women, breastfeeding women and children: these special groups need to be particularly careful before using procaine, and must be used under the guidance of a doctor to avoid adverse reactions.

2. Athletes: Procaine is a drug for athletes to use with caution. Athletes should consult the relevant authorities and comply with the regulations before using it.

Sixth, storage and disposal

Procaine should be stored in a cool and dry place, away from direct sunlight and high temperatures. Waste procaine should be disposed of in accordance with medical waste disposal regulations to avoid environmental pollution.

In summary, the use of procaine requires strict adherence to the doctor's orders and operating procedures to ensure the safety of patients and the success of the operation. In the process of use, the patient's reaction should be closely monitored and possible adverse reactions should be dealt with in time.